What are Transformer Designs?

An autotransformer has only a single winding, which is tapped at some point along the winding. Auto transformer is considered less costly, lighter, smaller and more efficient than a two-winding transformer of a similar rating. For three-phase power, three separate single-phase transformers can be used, or all three phases can be connected to a single polyphase transformer. The three primary windings are connected together and the three secondary windings are connected together.

Instrument transformers are divided into current transformers and voltage transformers. Current transformers are commonly used in electricity meters to facilitate the measurement of large currents which would be difficult to measure more directly. Current transformers are often constructed with a single primary turn either as an insulated cable passing through a toroidal core, or else as a bar to which circuit conductors is connected. Voltage transformers are used in the electricity supply industry to measure accurately the voltage being supplied. They are designed to present negligible load to the voltage being measured.

A pulse transformer is used to transmit rectangular electrical pulses. Small sized power versions are used in digital logic and telecommunications circuits, medium sized power versions are used in power-control circuits such as camera flash controllers. Special high voltage pulse transformers are also used to generate high power pulses for radar, particle accelerators or other pulsed power applications.

RF transformers are made from configurations of transmission line, bifilar or coaxial cable, wound around ferrite cores. This type of transformer is frequently used as an impedance matching balun to convert from 300 ohm balanced to 75 ohm unbalanced in FM receivers.

A resonant transformer operates at the resonant frequency of one or more of its coils. The resonant coil, usually the secondary, acts as an inductor, and are connected in series with a capacitor. If the primary coil is driven by a periodic source of alternating current, such as a square or sawtooth wave, each pulse of current helps to build up an oscillation in the secondary coil. The current got from this type of coil can be much larger than that from electrostatic machines such as the Van de Graaff generator and Wimshurst machine. They also run at a higher operating temperature than standard units.

The function of output transformer was to convert the low alternating current music signal into a useable high current/low voltage level for conversion by the loudspeakers. Certain large power transformers are used for electric arc furnaces used in steelmaking.

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