History of Fireworks

The birthplace of fireworks is generally recognized as China. Fireworks originated in China some 2,000 years ago. Legend has it that fireworks were discovered or invented in an accident by a Chinese cook who was working in a field kitchen and by mistake mixed charcoal, sulphur and saltpeter .The mixture burned and when compressed in an enclosure (a bamboo tube), the mixture exploded.

The first application of this technology was for entertainment. Even though China invented fireworks, Europe surpassed it in pyrotechnic development in the 14th century, which coincides with the time the gun was invented. Shot and gunpowder for military use was made by skilled tradesmen, later called firemakers, who also made fireworks for peace or victory celebrations.

Meanwhile, the Italians had been fascinated with fireworks. During the Renaissance in Europe (1400-1500), the Italians began to develop fireworks into a true art form. Since this was a period of artistic creativity and expression, many new fireworks were created for the first time. Italians were the first Europeans who used the black powder to manufacture fireworks. Military rockets could be modified by adding powered metals and charcoal in order to create bursts of gold and silver sparks in the sky. Germany was the other European country to emerge as a fireworks leader along with Italy in the 18th century.

However, the most spectacular firework displays were still those made at ground level. These firework displays grew more and more elaborate over the years. For nearly 1000 years, the only colors that could be produced by fireworks was the orange but in southern Italy in the 1830s, scientific advancements in the field of chemistry enabled pyrotechnicians to create reds, greens, blues, and yellows as well.

Now, fireworks are an important part of everyone’s life. Fireworks are usually associated with large public celebrations, such as the 4th of July, or with specific festivals, such as the Chinese New Year, Diwali or Guy Fawke’s Day.

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