Joint replacement surgery, an overview

Generally, a joint replacement surgery is considered when there is severe damage to the joint, bones, surrounding muscles or tissues. It is recommended only after all other treatment options have failed. Surgical intervention is often the last resort in cases where the pain becomes too much or movements are severely restricted.

When joints wear away with age or get inflamed due to injuries, stress or trauma, pain, stiffness and swelling are natural. Unfortunately, these problems worsen with time, and in many cases, surgery is required. Only a doctor can say whether the condition is severe enough to warrant a replacement surgery. Typically, doctors try alternative methods like medication, braces and aids. But, as a rule, if there is too much pain and if movement is highly restricted, surgery is indicated.

In a joint replacement surgery, the damaged joint is replaced with prosthesis or an artificial joint. The artificial joint is made of materials like plastic or metal. These are then inserted into the area and bound in place so that new bone can grow into it. In older people, the new joints are cemented into place. In younger people, there is no cementing as they are more active.

Joint replacement surgery is a common enough procedure and it has a high success rate. Replacing the inflamed joint will reduce pain, increase mobility and improve the quality of your life. Though hips and knees are the most popular areas for surgery, ankles, elbows, shoulders and fingers are also operated on.

After a joint replacement surgery, the new joint has a lifespan of 10-15 years. Therefore, younger people may need a number of replacement procedures in their lifetime.

One of the most important things to ensure at the time of joint replacement surgery is the proper positioning of the new joint. Incorrect positioning can lead to quick wear and tear of the new joint. Poor alignment can also lead to loosening of the new joint. This explains why surgeons take maximum care to ensure the correct positioning of new joints.

Advances in technology make it possible to ensure the exact positioning of new joints. For instance, a computer assisted surgery uses probes to ensure the exact positioning of replacement implants.

Joint replacement surgery is a long procedure and is carried out under general anesthesia. It has a high success rate. Recovery depends on the patient more than the doctor once the surgery is through. Patients must follow doctor's orders regarding rest, recuperation, diet and exercise.

After recovery, the patient experiences almost total relief from pain and near normal mobility. In most cases, physiotherapy may be required to restore full movement. The risks associated with the surgery are the same as those associated with other surgeries and are generally dependent on the severity of the condition, age and general health of the patient.