Incorporating Steps into Your Landscaping Scheme

Steps present as ideal an opportunity for beautifying the outdoors as any other item on your landscaping agenda. Materials which can be used vary from round-cut logs to concrete, brick or stone. Standard step dimensions for outdoors should be the same as for indoor steps, particularly in areas frequently used.

The tread should be 10 inches deep and the risers about 71/2 inches. Treads should be 1/4 inch lower in the front than they are in the back to permit drainage. For any steps other than those made of rounds of logs, a good foundation is essential. The foundation should extend 6 inches below the frost line.

Concrete is an often-used material for steps, although it is not always the most attractive. A simple form can be constructed of a series of boxes, of 1 x 6- or 1 x 8-inch scrap lumber, each box the same width but 10 inches shorter than the box for the lower step. The boxes are placed one on top of the other, and held together by outside lathing cleats.

Corners should be well braced. Use 1 part Portland cement to 3 parts sand and 6 parts gravel. The cement is poured and the step tops are leveled by using the flat edge of a board. If you use precast concrete blocks, the need for forms for step construction is eliminated. The cost is about the same as building steps of poured concrete, although the job-especially for a one-man operation-is easier.

It is important to bond the blocks together well and you can obtain good appearance by applying a thin overall coating of concrete. Brick steps are built in the same manner as concrete blocks, although more masonry skill is required. A layer of gravel is first laid over the subsoil as a foundation. The weakness of brick steps is the many joints that are required.

In constructing stone steps, the principle difficulty is finding the stone. While this presents no problem at all in some areas, in other areas stone must be purchased, and when this is true, stone steps are by far the most expensive type to build. They are also among the most attractive. Stone steps can be built without masonry bonding, if large enough stones can be found.