http://www.articletrader.com/ Articles at ArticleTrader en-us http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-malignant-fibrous-histiocytoma.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-malignant-fibrous-histiocytoma.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
MFH most commonly occurring between ages 50-70. MFH accounts for 20-24% of soft-tissue sarcomas, making it the most common soft-tissue sarcoma occurring in late adult life. In rare cases MFH does occur in children, but it is usually in a less aggressive form. However, malignant tumors have occurred in children as young as 13. It occurs more often in caucasians than those of African or Asian descent. The cause of malignant fibrous has indicated that genetic alterations may play a role. People who have been exposed to high doses of radiation are also more prone to develop MFHs than the remainder of the population.

The disease has also been linked to radiation treatment for breast cancer, retinoblastoma and Hodgkin's disease. A malignant fibrous histiocytoma originating in the bone has been linked to pre-existing abnormalities such as Paget's disease or fibrous dysphasia of the bone. Treatment consists of surgical removal. Surgery for malignant fibrous histiocytomas involves the biopsy, surgical removal of the tumor, bone/skin grafts, and/or reconstruction. The type of surgery will depend on the size and location of the tumor, and whether the cancer has spread. Limb-salvage surgery is sometime necessary to remove all or part of a limb.

In most cases, however, limb-sparing surgery is employed to shun amputation. Radiation uses high energy rays from a specialized machine to damage or kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. This is sometimes used in conjunction with surgery for malignant fibrous histiocytoma, either before or after resection of the tumor. On rare occasions radiation alone is used for treatment of the primary tumor. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy is called systemic treatment because the drug enters the blood stream, travels through the body, and can kill cancer cells throughout the body.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-maple-syrup-urine-disease.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-maple-syrup-urine-disease.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Maple syrup urine disease affects an evaluated 1 in 185,000 infants worldwide. The gene defect for MSUD is an autosomal recessive genetic trait and is unknowingly passed down from generation to generation. This faulty gene usually emerges when two carriers have children together and pass it to their offspring. For each pregnancy of two such carriers, there is a 25% chance that the child will be born with the disease and a 50% chance the child will be a carrier for the gene defect. Persons with this condition cannot break down the branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine.

This leads to a build-up of these chemicals in the blood. In the most severe form, MSUD can damage the brain during times of physical stress (such as infection, fever, or not eating for a long time). The symptoms of maple syrup urine disease involve poor feeding, vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, ketoacidosis, and neurological decline. The two main aspects to the treatment of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) are long-term management and the treatment of episodes of acute metabolic decompensation. Peritoneal dialysis or hemodialyses are used to reduce the level of amino acids.

Long term treatment requires a special diet. The diet includes a synthetic infant formula with down levels of the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. The goal of dietary therapy is normalization of branched-chain amino acids (particularly of leucine) by restricting intake of branched-chain amino acids without impairing growth and intellectual development. Dietary therapy must be lifelong. Gene therapy is also a potential future treatment for patients with MSUD. This would involve replacing the mutated gene with a good copy, allowing the patient's cells to generate a functional BCKD protein complex and break down the excess amino acids.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-medullary-sponge-kidney.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-medullary-sponge-kidney.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Normally most of the fluid is returned to the blood, while the waste products are accumulated in any surplus fluid and flow down to the bladder as urine. In a person with medullary sponge kidney, cysts reason the collecting tubule to become abnormally wide, which makes the drainage of urine slow and inefficient. Waste products such as excess calcium build up in the kidneys. Kidney stones may form within kidney tissue. Sometimes, kidney stones can form inside the cysts. Medullary Sponge Kidney caused by MSK includes hematuria, or blood in urine; kidney stones; and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

These problems do not generally appear until the ages of 30 to 40. Medullary sponge kidney causes no symptoms most of the time, but a person with the disorder is prone to developing painful kidney stones, blood in the urine, and kidney infections. Infection causes fever; back and flank pain; cloudy, frequent, and burning urine; and general discomfort. Stones cause pain in the flank or groin as they pass. They usually cause some bleeding. Symptoms occur primarily in adults aged 20-50 years; however, infants as young as 2 years. There is no cure for medullary sponge kidney. Medications to discourage the formation of kidney stones.

Prophylactic antibiotics may help patients with medullary sponge kidney and recurrent UTIs. Sometimes a thiazide diuretic or amiloride is recommended. Stones may need to be surgically removed. Stone removal may require a procedure called lithotripsy, which uses sound waves to break stones into sand-like particles. The particles can then pass easily through the urinary tract with the flow of urine. Drinking large amounts of fluid every day to discourage the formation of kidney stones Prevention is better than cure. Avoiding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) medications.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-multiple-myeloma.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-multiple-myeloma.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Hypercalcemia, anemia, renal damage, augmented susceptibility to bacterial infection, and harmful production of normal immunoglobulin are common clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma. It is often also characterized by diffuse osteoporosis, usually in the pelvis, spine, ribs, and skull. Multiple myeloma can cause a wide variety of problems. Multiple myeloma affects the kidneys in several ways. The most common mechanisms of renal injury are direct tubular injury, amyloidosis, or involvement by plasmacytoma. Spinal cord compression is one of the most severe adverse effects of myeloma.

Patients with myeloma commonly develop hypercalcemia. The mechanisms involve bony involvement and, possibly, humoral mechanisms. The cause of multiple myeloma is currently unknown. This disease is uncommon in young adults and becomes ever more common with advancing age. Only about 2% of cases in the UK occur in people under the age of 40 years. It is slightly more common in men than in women. It can often run in families. Multiple myeloma is also more common in blacks than in whites. The workers in agriculture or petroleum-based industries may be at greater risk due to exposure to chemicals.

Common symptoms of multiple myeloma involve bone pain, broken bones, usually in the spine, feeling weak and very tired, feeling very thirsty, often infections and fevers, weight loss, nausea or constipation and urination. Treatment for multiple myeloma is focused on disease containment and suppression. Bisphosphonate therapy serves as prophylaxis against skeletal events. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be performed to relieve bone pain or treat a bone tumor. Bone marrow transplantation in younger patients has been shown to increase disease-free and overall survival, but it has significant risks.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-muenke-syndrome.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-muenke-syndrome.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Most people with this condition have normal intellectual, but developmental impediment and learning disabilities are possible. Some have an enlarged head (macrocephaly). The signs and symptoms of Muenke syndrome vary among affected people, and some findings overlap with those seen in other craniosynostosis syndromes. A single mutation in the FGFR3 gene causes this syndrome. The protein made by the FGFR3 gene is a receptor that plays a role in the development and maintenance of bone and brain tissue. Mutations in this gene result in an abnormal receptor that binds more readily to molecules outside the cell.

This overactive receptor interferes with normal bone growth, allowing the bones of the head to mingle before they should. Most people with this condition have normal intellect, but learning disabilities are common. These signs and symptoms vary between people, and some findings overlap with those seen in other craniosynostosis syndromes. Children with Muenke syndrome and craniosynostosis are referred to a craniofacial clinic with experience in pediatrics. Adults with Muenke syndrome should be referred to a medical geneticist and genetic counselor for assessment and genetic counseling.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-multiple-system-atrophy.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-multiple-system-atrophy.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Multiple system atrophy affects about twice as many men as women. MSA has been classified clinically into three types, the first of which primarily affects balance, coordination, and speech; a form which can parallel Parkinson’s disease because of slow movement and stiff muscles; and a mixed cerebellar and parkinsonian form. MSA results from degeneration of several parts of the brain and spinal cord. The basal ganglia (collections of nerve cells at the base of the cerebrum, deep within the brain), which help control voluntary muscle movements by balancing the actions of muscle groups that move the same muscles in opposite ways.

The cerebellum, which coordinates voluntary movements and helps maintain balance. Areas that manage the autonomic nervous system, which moderates involuntary body processes, such as how blood pressure changes in response to changes in posture. Nerve cells that encourage muscle action (motor neurons) in the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and spinal cord. There is no specific treatment for nerve degeneration in MSA. The goal of treatment is to control symptoms. Anticholinergic medications may be used to decrease early or mild tremors. Levodopa may improve movement and balance.

Dopamine and anticholinergic drugs may be prescribed to treat spasms. Orthostatic hypotension may be treated with flucortisone and other drugs that elevate blood pressure. Increased dietary fiber intake or use of laxatives may relieve constipation, and drugs or a penile implant may aid with male impotence. A routine of stretching and exercise can help retain muscle strength and range of movement. An artificial feeding tube or breathing tube may be surgically inserted for management of swallowing and breathing difficulties. Speech therapy is often useful to improve swallowing and communication.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-mixed-connective-tissue-disease.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-mixed-connective-tissue-disease.html Sat, 25 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease can assume many parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, lungs, heart, endocrine, digestive, and nervous system, blood vessels which all are made up of connective tissue. Females are affected more frequently than males, and although it can occur at any age. It is estimated to attacks women eight to fifteen times more often than it attacks men. The signs and symptoms of MCTD differ from person to person, with the symptoms of either Lupus, or Scleroderma, or Myositis or other autoimmune disease being most prevalent. The disease can range from mild to life threatening.

The lungs and kidneys are particularly at risk. Lungs and kidneys symptoms are particularly grave involvement. The signs and symptoms of diverse connective tissue disease involve fatigue, muscle weakness, joint pain, joint swelling, swollen fingers and mild fever. Raynaud's syndrome may precede other manifestations by years. Diffuse systemic sclerosis–like skin changes and ischemic necrosis or ulceration of the fingertips may occasionally develop. Renal disease occurs in about 10% and is often soft but occasionally causes morbidity or mortality. Sometimes pulmonary involvement is the most serious complication.

The treatments for Mixed Connective Tissue Disorder are like to those employed for other autoimmune diseases. Corticosteroids are usually useful, especially when the disease is diagnosed early. Anti-inflammatories Steroids, d-penicillimine, and methotrexate are used to diminish inflammation that seems to lead to fibrosis. Prevention is better than cure. Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables. Get exercise on days you feel up to it. Keeping your body healthy makes you better able to deal with the daily stress of living with a chronic illness.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-megalencephaly.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-megalencephaly.html Fri, 24 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Megalencephaly may be caused by a disturbance in the process that controls the way nerve cells separate to form new cells (called nerve cell proliferation). The condition also may be caused by factors connected to abnormal brain growth or from chromosomal abnormalities. Megalencephaly affects males more frequently than females. Unilateral megalencephaly or hemimegalencephaly is a rare condition that is characterized by the enlargement of one side of the brain. The prognosis for child’s and children with megalencephaly depends upon the underlying reason and the linked neurological disorders.

The prognosis for children with hemimegalencephaly is worse. There is no standard treatment for megalencephaly. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. For patients with neurological and/or physical problems, management may include anti-epileptic drugs for seizures, treatment of medical complications related to the underlying syndrome, and rehabilitation for neurological problems such as speech delay, poor muscle tone, and poor coordination. Placement in a residential care facility may be necessary for those a case in which megalencephaly is accompanied by severe mental retardation or uncontrollable.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-mesenteric-artery-ischemia.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-mesenteric-artery-ischemia.html Fri, 24 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Mesenteric artery ischemia is frequently seen in people with hardening of the arteries elsewhere in the body. The condition is more common in smokers and in patients with high cholesterol. Mesenteric ischemia may also be result by a blood clot (embolus) that moves through the blood and abruptly blocks one of the mesenteric arteries. The clots usually come from the heart or the aorta. These clots are more commonly seen in patients with abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation. Mesenteric ischemia can be either chronic or acute. Chronic means that you have had the condition and symptoms over a relatively long period of time.

Acute means that the symptoms begin abruptly and become very serious in a short period of time. Acute mesenteric ischemia can be further divided into embolic, thrombotic, or nonocclusive causes. Chronic mesenteric ischemia can progress without warning to acute mesenteric ischemia, sometimes very rapidly. Mesenteric ischemia usually occurs in people older than age 60. The symptoms of mesenteric artery ischemia are divided chronic and acute. Chronic is commonly associated with abdominal pain after eating, and, occasionally, diarrhea. Acute (sudden) is frequently associated with sudden severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Treatment for acute mesenteric ischemia is usually an emergency procedure, since severe intestinal damage can arise rapidly in this setting. Surgery is performed to remove the clot. Surgery for chronic mesenteric artery ischemia involves removing the blockage and reconnecting the arteries to the aorta. A bypass around the blockage is another procedure. Angioplasty and stenting is a newer method for opening a mesenteric artery and bracing it open to allow the blood to flow through. It can sometimes be performed at the time of the angiogram. To prevent acute mesenteric artery ischemia, also control any heart rhythm problems.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]> http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-marinesco-sjogren-syndrome.html http://www.articletrader.com/health/alternative/detailed-information-on-marinesco-sjogren-syndrome.html Fri, 24 Oct 2008 00:00:00 -0500
Prolonged survival is possible, but the muscle weakness tends to be progressive. The syndrome is genetic as an autosomal recessive trait with complete penetrance in both sexes. The disorder occurs in patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds. The disease is very unusual except in inherited isolates, such as one in rural Alabama. Motor milestones are delayed with ataxia apparent by the time the child can sit. Most patients are eventually able to ambulate with a walker. Growth is poor and pubertal development may not occur because of hypogonadism. Children with MSS usually present with muscular hypotonia in early infancy.

Symptoms of MSS are a loss of muscle coordination as a result of an affect on the cerebellum, cloudiness of the eyes' lenses (cataracts), increased muscle tension, progressive muscle weakness, short stature, and mental deficits. Treatment for Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome is symptomatic and supportive including physical and occupational therapy, speech therapy, and special education. Cataracts must be removed when vision is impaired, generally in the primary decade of life. Hormone replacement therapy is required if hypogonadism is present. Hormone replacement therapy for primary gonadal failure at the expected time of puberty.

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Source: http://www.articletrader.com ]]>