What is Gasification System?

Gasification can be defined as a thermo-chemical process in which carbon rich feedstocks such as coal, petro-coke or biomass are converted into a gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide under oxygen depleted, high pressure, and high temperature and steam conditions. The derived gaseous compound is called Syngas. This process is carried out under appropriate conditions. The gasification system includes an efficient energy extracting process that can return double benefits as a waste stream disposal system. This is a new technology, and was used extensively during WWII when ration-weary, gasoline-starved farmers used normal homemade gasifiers to covert wood into gas/liquid fuel for their tractors and other equipments.

If we talk about the history, gasification is an old technology which keeps on updating with the passing time. This process was primarily used from the mid-1800 through the early 1900's to generate "town-gas" from coal for heating and lighting purposes, however, later the development of natural gas fields replaced the "town gas". The resurgence of gasification system came during World War II when petroleum starved Europeans used wood gas generators to power vehicles. But the need for liquid fuels remained and German engineers developed a new system to produce synthetic liquid fuel from gasified coal.

There are mainly three types of gasification systems depending upon the type of flow conditions present in the equipment.

In the moving bed gasification system, dry carbon fuel is entered through the top of the gasifier. Because is slowly drops through the vessel, it reacts with steam and oxygen as they flow in opposite directions over the bed. The fuel undergoes the process until it is completely burnt leaving behind the low temperature Syngas and molten ash.

Under entrained flow gasification system, fuel is fed dry into the gasifier. The steam and oxygen flow in the same direction upwards through the gasifier until the temperature completed Syngas exist the top of the reactor.

In fluidized bed gasification system, steam and oxygen flow upwards through the reactor tower while fuel is injected into, and remains suspended in, this stream while gasification takes place.

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