Dissertation Advice

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We can divide the entire process of making the dissertation in five phases.
1) Formulation of hypothesis- Every research worker faces the problem of sifting relevant and significant facts from the mass of data under his scrutiny. Upon his choice of these facts depends how he will deal with his problem. On the basis of a general idea about his facts, he chooses, by trial and error, the important factors which would illuminate his problem. He tries to discover causal relation between these factors by an intelligent guess or deep insight. This penetrating insight or hunch, the tentative idea which becomes the basis for fruitful investigation is known as working hypothesis. In every scientific research it is essential to form a tentative notion about causal relation between the given facts, because this alone can provide direction to the nature and manner of investigation. For example, if the problem is indiscipline among students in the class room, this can be solved if we see things in proper perspective that is dispassionately, we can try the best methods we can think of to solve this problem. We may think of many reasons for this lack of interest among students, ineffective and faulty teaching methods, the outdated syllabus etc. Which of these hypotheses we shall try and prove successful depends upon the general knowledge and power of insight in the research worker. According to G.A.Lundberg," A hypothesis is a tentative generalization, which remains to be tested." After the formulation of a hypothesis deductive generalizations and verifications are further steps. The verification of a hypothesis establishes its scientific status. We learn whether it is true or false. Without framing a hypothesis no valid approach to the problem is possible. If we try to evaluate facts before us without any hypothesis, we shall be groping in dark. In fine we can say that upon the shrewdness and sophistication of a hypothesis depends the success and failure of any research work.
2) Sampling and collection of data: The success of any research work depends upon the proper execution of these two key factors.
3) Classification and organization of facts- After collection and recording of the data, the next step is to classify and organize it. In classifying his facts the researcher may break them in terms of their 1) Basic likeness and unlikeness 2) Groups of similar facts which repeat themselves consistently 3) Recurring natural sequence of events. The classification must be done very carefully and a trained person is required for this purpose.
4) Generalization- On the basis of collected and classified material, certain conclusions are deductively derived. This is known as generalization.
5) Verification- The conclusions obtained through research, when applied, will either confirm or disconfirm them. For this purpose we derive a particular instance or instances deductively from general conclusions and see their validity in actual matter of facts.

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